According to the Kabbalah, there are, besides the angels, a middle race of beings which men usually call the elementary spirits, but they known to the Jews under the general name of Schedim. These are spirits of the elements, who, although not visible to men, are well disposed towards them, and who can both see and aid them. They are connected with the angel world, and understand the laws of good and evil; they also possess many secrets of nature. Solomon made use of them, as did all those who sought to attain their desires by the aid of magic and the occult sciences.
These spirits of the elements are divided into four principle classes, the chief of whom is Asmodeus, a demon concerning whom Jewish tradition oflers various conflicting accounts. He is sometimes identified with Samael, sometimes with Apollyon, and sometimes he is called the prince of demons and confounded with Beelzebub. According to a Jewish legend he on one occasion dethroned Solomon, but that monarch eventually triumphed over him, loaded him with chains, and forced him to aid in the building of the temple.
The first class contains the spirits of the fire; the second of fire and water; the third of fire, air, and water;the fourth have a mineral ingredient. The spirits of the two last classes are possessed mostly of evil natures, and are fond of causing injury to man. The other two are possessed of greater wisdom, and knowing many of the secrets of nature, willingly disclose them to man. The first class, Fire, willingly help and support men. They are white, and understand the Torah or law because stand in connection with the angel world. They possess many secrets of nature. The second class, formed out of fire and air, is lower, but yet good and wise, but invisible to human eyes. Both classes inhabit the upper regions.
The third class consist of fire, air, and water, and are sometimes apparent to the senses. Their soul is of the vegetable nature. They are sometimes visible to our senses. The fourth class, besides the former elements, has a component of fine earth, and their soul is of the mineral nature, and can be fully perceived by the senses. All these spirits of the elements eat and drink, propagate, and are subject to dissolution. The greater part of the two last kinds are of wicked disposition, mock, and deceive men, and are glad to do them mischief. Some of them live in the waters, some in the mountains and deserts, and some in filthy place.
According to the Kabbalah , everything that exists, whether great or small, stands in a magical union with the rest of nature. Everywhere is the external the operation of the internal, and the external reacts upon the internal. Thus, the stars have as great an influence upon man as upon the whole of nature because the constellations presiding at the birth of a child determine its physical and mental qualities. Magicians obtain instruction from them through the elements to which they separately belong.






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